355 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
355 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# 11.11 CI/CD 流水线
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:::tip 概述
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本节介绍项目的持续集成/持续部署（CI/CD）方案，包括 GitHub Actions 和 GitLab CI 的配置示例，以及自动化测试、构建和部署流程。
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:::
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## 流水线架构
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```text
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代码提交 → 代码检查 → 单元测试 → 构建打包 → 部署上线
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│ │ │ │ │
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▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
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Git Push ESLint PHPUnit Docker 生产环境
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PHPStan Vitest Image
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```
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## GitHub Actions
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### 后端 CI 配置
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```yaml
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# =============================================================================
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# .github/workflows/backend-ci.yml — 后端持续集成
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# =============================================================================
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# 触发条件：push 到 main/develop 分支，或向 main 发起 PR
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# 执行环境：Ubuntu 最新版 + MySQL 8.0 服务容器
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# 流程：代码检查 → 静态分析 → 单元测试 → 覆盖率上传
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# =============================================================================
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name: Backend CI
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on:
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push:
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branches: [main, develop] # push 到这些分支时触发
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pull_request:
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branches: [main] # 向 main 发起 PR 时触发
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jobs:
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test:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest # 使用 GitHub 托管的最新 Ubuntu 运行器
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# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 服务容器（GitHub Actions 自动启动，与运行器共享网络）
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# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
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services:
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mysql:
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image: mysql:8.0 # MySQL 8.0 官方镜像
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env:
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MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root # 测试环境密码（仅用于 CI）
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MYSQL_DATABASE: test_db # 自动创建的测试数据库
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ports:
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- 3306:3306 # 暴露端口供测试连接
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# 健康检查：确保 MySQL 就绪后再执行后续步骤
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options: >-
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--health-cmd="mysqladmin ping" # 用 mysqladmin ping 检测
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--health-interval=10s # 每 10 秒检查一次
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--health-timeout=5s # 超时时间
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--health-retries=3 # 重试 3 次后判定失败
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steps:
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# 拉取代码（checkout@v4 是 GitHub 官方 Action）
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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# 安装 PHP 8.2 及所需扩展
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- name: Setup PHP
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uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2 # 第三方 Action，自动安装 PHP
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with:
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php-version: '8.2' # PHP 版本
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extensions: pdo_mysql, gd, redis # 安装的扩展
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coverage: xdebug # 代码覆盖率工具
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# 安装 Composer 依赖（--no-progress 隐藏进度条，--prefer-dist 下载压缩包更快）
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- name: Install Dependencies
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run: composer install --no-progress --prefer-dist
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# 准备运行环境
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- name: Prepare Environment
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run: |
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cp .env.example .env # 复制环境配置模板
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php think db:migrate # 执行数据库迁移
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# 代码风格检查（PSR-12 标准）
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- name: Code Style Check
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run: vendor/bin/phpcs --standard=PSR12 app/
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# 静态分析（level=5 为严格模式，可发现潜在 bug）
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- name: Static Analysis
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run: vendor/bin/phpstan analyse app/ --level=5
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# 运行单元测试（--coverage-text 输出文本格式覆盖率报告）
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- name: Run Tests
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run: php think test --coverage-text
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# 上传覆盖率报告到 Codecov（免费的覆盖率追踪平台）
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- name: Upload Coverage
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uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
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with:
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file: ./coverage.xml # 覆盖率报告文件
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```
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### 前端 CI 配置
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```yaml
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# =============================================================================
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# .github/workflows/frontend-ci.yml — 前端持续集成
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# =============================================================================
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# 触发条件：仅当 ui/ 目录下的文件变更时触发（避免后端改动触发前端 CI）
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# 流程：Lint → 类型检查 → 单元测试 → 构建
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# =============================================================================
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name: Frontend CI
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on:
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push:
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branches: [main, develop]
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paths:
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- 'ui/**' # 仅 ui/ 目录变更时触发
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pull_request:
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branches: [main]
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paths:
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- 'ui/**'
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jobs:
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test:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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# 安装 Node.js 18 并配置 pnpm 缓存
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- name: Setup Node.js
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uses: actions/setup-node@v4
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with:
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node-version: '18' # Node.js 版本
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cache: 'pnpm' # 启用 pnpm 缓存（加速依赖安装）
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cache-dependency-path: ui/pnpm-lock.yaml # 缓存依赖的 lockfile 路径
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# 全局安装 pnpm 包管理器
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- name: Install pnpm
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run: npm install -g pnpm
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# 安装前端依赖（--frozen-lockfile 确保版本与 lockfile 一致）
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- name: Install Dependencies
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working-directory: ui # 在 ui/ 目录下执行
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run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
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# ESLint 代码风格检查
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- name: Lint
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working-directory: ui
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run: pnpm lint:eslint
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# TypeScript 类型检查（发现类型错误）
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- name: Type Check
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working-directory: ui
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run: pnpm type:check
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# 运行单元测试（Vitest）
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- name: Run Tests
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working-directory: ui
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run: pnpm test
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# 生产环境构建（验证构建是否成功）
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- name: Build
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working-directory: ui
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run: pnpm build
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```
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### 自动部署配置
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```yaml
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# =============================================================================
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# .github/workflows/deploy.yml — 自动部署
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# =============================================================================
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# 触发条件：push 到 main 分支，或打 v* 标签
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# 流程：构建 Docker 镜像 → 推送到镜像仓库 → SSH 部署到服务器
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# =============================================================================
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name: Deploy
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on:
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push:
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branches: [main]
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tags:
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- 'v*' # 匹配 v1.0.0、v2.1.3 等标签
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jobs:
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deploy:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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needs: [test] # 依赖 test job 通过后才执行
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if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' # 仅 main 分支触发部署
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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# 构建 Docker 镜像（用 git commit SHA 作为版本标签）
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- name: Build Docker Image
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run: |
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docker build -t myapp:${{ github.sha }} . # 用 commit SHA 标记
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docker tag myapp:${{ github.sha }} myapp:latest # 同时打 latest 标签
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# 推送镜像到 Docker Hub（secrets 在 GitHub 仓库设置中配置）
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- name: Push to Registry
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run: |
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echo ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USERNAME }} --password-stdin
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docker push myapp:${{ github.sha }} # 推送版本标签
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docker push myapp:latest # 推送 latest 标签
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# 通过 SSH 连接服务器执行部署命令
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- name: Deploy to Server
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@v1 # 第三方 SSH Action
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.SERVER_HOST }} # 服务器地址
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username: ${{ secrets.SERVER_USER }} # SSH 用户名
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key: ${{ secrets.SSH_KEY }} # SSH 私钥
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script: |
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cd /opt/myapp # 进入项目目录
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docker-compose pull # 拉取最新镜像
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docker-compose up -d # 重建并启动容器
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php think db:migrate # 执行数据库迁移
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```
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## GitLab CI
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```yaml
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# =============================================================================
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# .gitlab-ci.yml — GitLab CI/CD 配置
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# =============================================================================
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# 阶段：test → build → deploy
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# 缓存：vendor/ 和 node_modules/ 按分支缓存，加速后续构建
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# =============================================================================
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stages:
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- test # 测试阶段
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- build # 构建阶段
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- deploy # 部署阶段
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# 全局变量（所有 job 共享）
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variables:
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MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root # 测试数据库密码
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MYSQL_DATABASE: test_db # 测试数据库名
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 后端测试
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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backend:test:
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stage: test
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image: php:8.2-cli # PHP 8.2 CLI 镜像
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services:
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- mysql:8.0 # MySQL 服务容器
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script:
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# 安装系统依赖（PHP 扩展编译需要）
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- apt-get update && apt-get install -y libpq-dev libzip-dev
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# 安装 PHP 扩展
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- docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql zip
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# 安装 Composer 依赖
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- composer install --no-progress
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# 准备环境并执行测试
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- cp .env.example .env
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- php think db:migrate # 数据库迁移
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- php think test # 运行测试
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cache:
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key: ${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG} # 按分支名缓存
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paths:
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- vendor/ # 缓存 Composer 依赖
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 前端测试
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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frontend:test:
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stage: test
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image: node:18 # Node.js 18 镜像
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script:
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- cd ui
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- npm install -g pnpm # 全局安装 pnpm
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- pnpm install --frozen-lockfile # 安装依赖
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- pnpm lint:eslint # 代码风格检查
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- pnpm test # 单元测试
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- pnpm build # 生产构建
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cache:
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key: ${CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG}
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paths:
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- ui/node_modules/ # 缓存前端依赖
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 生产部署（仅 main 分支）
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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deploy:production:
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stage: deploy
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only:
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- main # 仅 main 分支触发
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script:
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- docker build -t myapp:$CI_COMMIT_SHA . # 构建镜像
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- docker push myapp:$CI_COMMIT_SHA # 推送到仓库
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# SSH 到服务器执行部署
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- ssh $SERVER_USER@$SERVER_HOST "cd /opt/myapp && docker-compose pull && docker-compose up -d"
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environment:
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name: production
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url: https://api.example.com
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```
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## 部署策略
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### 蓝绿部署
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```text
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当前版本（蓝） → 新版本（绿）
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│ │
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▼ ▼
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Nginx 切换流量 ← 验证通过
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```
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### 滚动更新
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```bash
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# Docker Swarm 滚动更新
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# --update-parallelism 1 → 每次只更新 1 个容器实例
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# --update-delay 30s → 每批更新间隔 30 秒（观察健康状态）
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# --image myapp:v2.0 → 新版本镜像
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# myapp_web → 服务名称
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docker service update \
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--update-parallelism 1 \
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--update-delay 30s \
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--image myapp:v2.0 \
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myapp_web
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```
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## 通知集成
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### 部署通知（钉钉/飞书）
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```yaml
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# GitHub Actions 部署成功通知（发送到钉钉机器人）
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- name: Notify on Success
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if: success() # 仅在部署成功时执行
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run: |
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# curl 发送 POST 请求到钉钉 Webhook
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# -H → 设置请求头为 JSON 格式
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# -d → 发送 JSON 消息体（Markdown 格式）
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curl -X POST "${{ secrets.DINGTALK_WEBHOOK }}" \
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-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
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-d '{
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"msgtype": "markdown",
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"markdown": {
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"title": "部署成功",
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"text": "## ✅ 部署成功\n- **项目**: myapp\n- **分支**: ${{ github.ref_name }}\n- **提交**: ${{ github.sha }}\n- **时间**: $(date)"
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}
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}'
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```
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## 相关文档
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- [Docker 生产部署](/zh/deploy/docker.html)
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- [后端部署](/zh/deploy/backend.html)
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- [前端部署](/zh/deploy/frontend.html)
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