472 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
472 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# 2.7 Docker 快速体验
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:::tip 概述
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Docker 方案适合快速体验项目功能，无需手动安装 PHP、MySQL 等环境。本文提供完整的 Nginx + PHP-FPM 架构配置，复制即可使用。生产环境部署请参考[第 11 章](/zh/deploy/checklist.html)。
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:::
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## 架构说明
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```
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浏览器 → localhost:8000 → [Nginx 容器:80] → [PHP-FPM 容器:9000] → ThinkPHP
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↕
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[MySQL 容器:3306] + [Redis 容器:6379]
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```
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## 文件结构
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```
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thinkphp6/
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├── docker-compose.yml # 容器编排（项目根目录）
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├── docker/
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│ ├── Dockerfile # PHP-FPM 镜像定义
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│ ├── nginx.conf # Nginx 站点配置
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│ └── .env.docker # 环境变量（密码等）
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├── .env # 应用配置
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└── ...
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```
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## 快速启动
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项目已内置完整的 Docker 配置文件（`docker-compose.yml`、`docker/Dockerfile`、`docker/nginx.conf`），无需手动创建，直接启动即可：
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```bash
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# 从官方网站 (https://www.rxthink.cn) 下载授权源码包并解压
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cd thinkphp6
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# 配置应用环境变量
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cp .env.example .env
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# 编辑 .env，修改数据库连接地址为 Docker 服务名（见下方说明）
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# 启动所有服务（首次会自动构建镜像，约 2-5 分钟）
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docker-compose up -d
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# 查看运行状态
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docker-compose ps
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# 查看日志（确认无报错）
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docker-compose logs -f app
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```
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:::tip 说明
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`docker-compose.yml` 使用 `${VAR:-默认值}` 语法，未配置 `.env.docker` 时自动使用默认密码（Your_Strong_Password_2024 / Your_Redis_Password_2024），适合快速体验。生产部署请参考[第 11 章](/zh/deploy/docker.html)使用 `--env-file` 指定生产密码。
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:::
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## docker-compose.yml
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项目根目录的 `docker-compose.yml` 内容如下（供参考，无需手动创建）：
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```yaml
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# =============================================================================
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# Docker Compose — RXThinkCMF 容器编排
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# =============================================================================
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# 架构：Nginx(80) → PHP-FPM(9000) → MySQL(3306) + Redis(6379)
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#
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# 快速启动（使用默认密码）：
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# docker-compose up -d
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#
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# 生产部署（使用 .env.docker 中的密码）：
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# docker-compose --env-file docker/.env.docker up -d --build
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# =============================================================================
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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# ===========================================================================
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# Nginx 反向代理
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# ===========================================================================
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# 接收浏览器请求，静态资源直接返回，.php 请求转发给 PHP-FPM 容器
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# ===========================================================================
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nginx:
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image: nginx:1.25-alpine
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container_name: rxthinkcmf-nginx
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ports:
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- "${NGINX_PORT:-8000}:80" # 宿主机端口（默认 8000），可通过环境变量覆盖
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volumes:
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- ./docker/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro # 站点配置（只读）
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- ./:/var/www/html:ro # 项目代码（只读）
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depends_on:
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- app
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networks:
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- rxthinkcmf-net
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restart: unless-stopped
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# ===========================================================================
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# PHP-FPM 应用服务
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# ===========================================================================
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# 执行 ThinkPHP 代码，处理 API 请求和业务逻辑
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# ===========================================================================
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app:
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build:
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context: . # 构建上下文为项目根目录
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dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile # Dockerfile 路径
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container_name: rxthinkcmf-app
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volumes:
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- ./:/var/www/html # 项目代码（可写）
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- uploads_data:/opt/data/uploads # 上传文件持久化
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environment:
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- APP_DEBUG=${APP_DEBUG:-true} # 调试模式（快速体验默认开启）
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depends_on:
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mysql:
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condition: service_healthy # 等待 MySQL 就绪
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redis:
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condition: service_started # 等待 Redis 启动
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networks:
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- rxthinkcmf-net
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restart: unless-stopped
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# ===========================================================================
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# MySQL 数据库
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# ===========================================================================
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# 存储业务数据，首次启动自动导入 init.sql
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# ===========================================================================
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mysql:
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image: mysql:8.0
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container_name: rxthinkcmf-mysql
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ports:
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- "${MYSQL_PORT:-3306}:3306" # 宿主机端口（默认 3306），可通过环境变量覆盖
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environment:
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MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD:-Your_Strong_Password_2024} # root 密码
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MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL_DATABASE:-rxthinkcmf.thinkphp6.elevue} # 自动创建的数据库
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MYSQL_CHARSET: utf8mb4
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MYSQL_COLLATION: utf8mb4_general_ci
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volumes:
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- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql # 数据持久化
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- ./document/mysql/rxthinkcmf.thinkphp6.elevue.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql:ro # 初始化 SQL
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command:
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- --character-set-server=utf8mb4
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- --collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
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- --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
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healthcheck: # 健康检查：确保 MySQL 可接受连接
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test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost", "-u", "root", "-p${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD:-Your_Strong_Password_2024}"]
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interval: 10s
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timeout: 5s
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retries: 5
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start_period: 30s # MySQL 启动较慢，给 30 秒缓冲
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networks:
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- rxthinkcmf-net
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restart: unless-stopped
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# ===========================================================================
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# Redis 缓存
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# ===========================================================================
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# 提供缓存加速，与 config/cache.php 中的 redis 驱动配合
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# ===========================================================================
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redis:
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image: redis:7-alpine
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container_name: rxthinkcmf-redis
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ports:
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- "${REDIS_PORT:-6379}:6379" # 宿主机端口（默认 6379），可通过环境变量覆盖
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command: redis-server --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD:-Your_Redis_Password_2024} # 访问密码
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volumes:
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- redis_data:/data # 数据持久化
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networks:
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- rxthinkcmf-net
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restart: unless-stopped
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# =============================================================================
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# 命名卷 — 持久化存储
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# =============================================================================
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# 容器删除后数据保留，彻底重置请执行：docker-compose down -v
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# =============================================================================
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volumes:
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mysql_data: # MySQL 数据文件
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redis_data: # Redis RDB 快照
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uploads_data: # 用户上传文件
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# =============================================================================
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# 内部网络
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# =============================================================================
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# 容器间通过服务名（mysql / redis / app）互相访问
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# =============================================================================
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networks:
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rxthinkcmf-net:
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driver: bridge
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```
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## Dockerfile
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将以下内容保存为 `docker/Dockerfile`：
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```dockerfile
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# =============================================================================
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# Dockerfile — PHP-FPM 应用镜像
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# =============================================================================
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# 基础镜像：PHP 8.2 + FPM
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# 构建命令：docker-compose build app
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# =============================================================================
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FROM php:8.2-fpm
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 1. 安装系统依赖
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
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libpng-dev \ # GD 扩展 — PNG 支持
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libjpeg-dev \ # GD 扩展 — JPEG 支持
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libfreetype6-dev \ # GD 扩展 — 字体渲染（验证码）
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libzip-dev \ # zip 扩展依赖
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zip \ # Composer 解压依赖
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unzip \
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&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 2. 安装 PHP 扩展
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# pdo_mysql=MySQL驱动 mbstring=多字节 gd=图片 bcmath=高精度 zip=压缩 redis=缓存
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RUN docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-freetype --with-jpeg \
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&& docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) pdo_mysql mbstring gd bcmath zip \
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&& pecl install redis \
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&& docker-php-ext-enable redis
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 3. 安装 Composer
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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COPY --from=composer:latest /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 4. PHP 生产配置
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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RUN mv "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini-production" "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini" \
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&& echo '\
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date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai\n\
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memory_limit = 256M\n\
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upload_max_filesize = 50M\n\
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post_max_size = 50M\n\
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max_execution_time = 60\n\
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opcache.enable = 1\n\
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opcache.memory_consumption = 256\n\
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' >> "$PHP_INI_DIR/php.ini"
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 5. 安装项目依赖
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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WORKDIR /var/www/html
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COPY composer.json composer.lock ./
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RUN composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader --no-interaction
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COPY . .
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 6. 目录权限
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# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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RUN mkdir -p runtime uploads \
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&& chown -R www-data:www-data runtime uploads \
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&& chmod -R 775 runtime uploads
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EXPOSE 9000
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CMD ["php-fpm"]
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```
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## Nginx 配置
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将以下内容保存为 `docker/nginx.conf`：
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```nginx
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# =============================================================================
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# Nginx 配置 — ThinkPHP 6 反向代理
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# =============================================================================
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name localhost;
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# ThinkPHP 入口目录
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root /var/www/html/public;
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index index.php;
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# URL 重写（ThinkPHP 路由必需）
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location / {
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if (!-e $request_filename) {
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rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php?s=$1 last;
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}
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}
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# PHP-FPM 转发（"app" 是 docker-compose 中的服务名）
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location ~ \.php$ {
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fastcgi_pass app:9000;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
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include fastcgi_params;
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fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
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fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
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}
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# 安全：禁止访问隐藏文件
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location ~ /\. {
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deny all;
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}
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# 安全：禁止上传目录执行 PHP
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location ~ /uploads/.*\.php$ {
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deny all;
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}
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# 静态资源缓存 30 天
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location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot)$ {
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expires 30d;
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add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
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}
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# Gzip 压缩
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gzip on;
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gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml;
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gzip_min_length 1024;
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gzip_comp_level 5;
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}
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```
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## 环境变量配置
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将以下内容保存为 `docker/.env.docker`：
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```ini
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# Docker 环境变量（密码等敏感信息，切勿提交 Git）
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MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Your_Strong_Password_2024
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MYSQL_DATABASE=rxthinkcmf.thinkphp6.elevue
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REDIS_PASSWORD=Your_Redis_Password_2024
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APP_DEBUG=false
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```
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修改项目根目录 `.env` 文件中的数据库和缓存连接：
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```ini
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[DATABASE]
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; 连接地址（Docker 内部使用服务名 "mysql"）
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HOSTNAME = mysql
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PASSWORD = Your_Strong_Password_2024
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[CACHE]
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; 连接地址（Docker 内部使用服务名 "redis"）
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REDIS_HOST = redis
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REDIS_PASSWORD = Your_Redis_Password_2024
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[FILE]
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; 上传目录（容器内路径）
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UPLOAD_DIR = /opt/data/uploads
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```
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## 访问服务
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启动成功后：
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| 服务 | 地址 | 说明 |
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|------|------|------|
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| 后端 API | http://localhost:8000 | Nginx → PHP-FPM → ThinkPHP |
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| MySQL | localhost:3306 | 用户名 root，密码 Your_Strong_Password_2024 |
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| Redis | localhost:6379 | 密码 Your_Redis_Password_2024 |
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验证后端是否正常：
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```bash
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# 访问首页
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curl http://localhost:8000/
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# 登录获取 Token
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curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/login \
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-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
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-d '{"username":"admin","password":"123456","captcha":"618618"}'
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```
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## 常用命令
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```bash
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 服务管理
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 启动服务
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docker-compose up -d
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# 停止服务（保留数据）
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docker-compose down
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# 停止并清空所有数据（重新开始）
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docker-compose down -v
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# 重建镜像（Dockerfile 或 composer.json 变更后）
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docker-compose up -d --build
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 日志排查
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 查看所有日志
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docker-compose logs -f
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# 查看应用日志
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docker-compose logs -f app
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 进入容器
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 进入 PHP-FPM 容器
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docker-compose exec app bash
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# 进入 MySQL 容器
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docker-compose exec mysql bash
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 数据库操作
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 导入 SQL（手动方式）
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docker-compose exec -T mysql mysql -uroot -pYour_Strong_Password_2024 rxthinkcmf.thinkphp6.elevue < document/mysql/rxthinkcmf.thinkphp6.elevue.sql
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# 进入 MySQL 命令行
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docker-compose exec mysql mysql -uroot -pYour_Strong_Password_2024 rxthinkcmf.thinkphp6.elevue
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# ThinkPHP 命令
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# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 清除缓存
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docker-compose exec app php think clear
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# 查看路由
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docker-compose exec app php think route:list
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```
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## 常见问题
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### 端口被占用
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```bash
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# Windows 查看占用端口的进程
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netstat -ano | findstr :8000
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# Linux/Mac
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lsof -i :8000
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# 解决方案：修改 docker-compose.yml 中的端口映射
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# ports:
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# - "8080:80" # 改为 8080
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```
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### 数据库连接失败
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确认 `.env` 中 `[DATABASE]` 下 `HOSTNAME = mysql`（Docker 服务名），不是 `127.0.0.1`。
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### 容器启动后立即退出
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```bash
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# 查看退出原因
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docker-compose logs app
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# 常见原因：
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# 1. PHP 扩展缺失 → 检查 Dockerfile 中的 docker-php-ext-install
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# 2. 目录权限问题 → 确认 runtime 和 uploads 目录可写
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# 3. composer install 失败 → 检查网络或镜像源
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```
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### 重新开始
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```bash
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# 删除所有容器、网络、数据卷，完全重来
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docker-compose down -v
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docker-compose up -d --build
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```
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## 相关文档
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- [生产部署](/zh/deploy/docker.html) — 生产环境完整方案
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- [后端启动](/zh/quickstart/backend-start.html) — 不用 Docker，手动启动
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- [数据库初始化](/zh/quickstart/database-init.html) — 手动导入 SQL
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